As global warming, permafrost has degraded seriously. The ecological security of many regions has faced a serious threat to their ecological environment, especially the Tianshan mountain regions, which is one of the five major animal husbandry production bases. At present, in these regions, most studies focus on glacier analysis and few pieces of research about permafrost measure. According to 39 ENVISAT ASAR imagines, covered form 2003 June 17th to 2010 June 15th, surface deformation in permafrost region was monitored by SBAS-InSAR method. In this paper, the principles of deformation algorithm were introduced first. When generating the connection graph of the single look complex image of ASAR dataset, there was 126 differential interferogram based on 500 m and 550 days for temporal and spatial baseline respectively. Because of Spatio-temporal baselines and the Doppler centroid difference, 6 ASAR imagines were not generated the connection graph. Then using STRM V4 DEM, 52 low-quality pair of interferogram were eliminated, after the processes of interferograms flattening, adaptive filter, coherence generation and unwrapping. The ground deformation results of the study area were calculated by external ground control points, refinement and re-flattening, estimation of displacement velocity and residual deformation, coherence threshold control, SVD, spatially low-path filtering and temporally high-path filtering. There were 33 results of ground deformation, which covered from 2004 to 2010. According to the deformation results, there were different subsidence and uplift phenomenon in study areas. The deformation rate of the overall study area was no more than ±5 cm·yr-1, and its average deformation rate was (-0.07±3.38) mm·yr-1. It is indicating that there is a slight subsidence phenomenon in the study area. With the altitude of 3 000 m, the deformation changing mechanism were excavated for the plains and mountain areas distributed by seasonal frozen ground and permafrost respectively. From the research results, deformations in the plain region were uplift except for deformations in the area near cities were subsidence largely. In the mountainous region, the deformations were very scattered than them in the plain region. The overall trend of deformations of the mountain was dominated by subsidence, and subsidence and uplift in the western and eastern regions respectively. There were 15 198 deformation points, which altitude were more than 3 000 m. The annual variation mechanisms of temperature and precipitation about overall deformation points and different deformation intervals points were demonstrated by temperature and precipitation dataset. The results showed that both trends of them have a gradual warming phenomenon. The numbers of deformation rate points about different intervals were 6 364, 6 449 and 2 385 for rates lower than -2.0 cm·yr-1, from -2.0 to 2.0 cm·yr-1 and higher than 2.0 cm·yr-1 in the study mountainous region respectively. Points with negative values were more than points with positive values in the mountainous region, which reflected that subsidence positions were more than uplift positions. This result was also consistent with that global warming cause permafrost degradation then ground subsided. In this paper, the ground deformation results of the study area were successfully calculated by ASAR dataset which was active microwave spectrum. Meanwhile, the deformation results were discussed and prospected in the respects of space, time and the time lag of the permafrost deformation. The study results could provide a new way and reference for the monitoring of permafrost deformation in the Tianshan mountain region.