In this study, Ni60A-based alloy coating was prepared on a 42CrMo alloy structured steel substrate surface using laser cladding strengthened by follow-up feed pulse current. Moreover, the effect of pulse current on laser cladding coating is investigated. Results demonstrate that the follow-up feed electrode can increase the utilization efficiency of the pulse current by exploiting its skin effect, directing most of the current into a melting pool. However, the relatively close electrode distance can significantly increase current density and strengthen the improvement effect, which is beneficial for preparing high-quality cladding coatings with few defects. Besides demonstrating higher efficiency than conventional laser cladding, the pulse current-strengthened laser cladding also refines the crystal grain size of the cladding layer, reduces porosity, and increases the uniformity of microstructures in the cladding layer. Hence, dendritic crystals in conventional laser cladding are transformed into isometric crystals. The porosity of the pulse current-strengthened laser cladding is 0.39% and the average grain size is approximately 4 μm, which are better than the corresponding values of 0.62% and 6 μm, respectively, for a conventional laser cladding. Moreover, the residual thermal stress and cracking sensitivity on the cladding layer are lowered by using the follow-up feed electrode. In particular, the streaming effect and Joule thermal effect produced by the unique high-energy density pulse current across a small electrode distance at the crack tip of the cladding layer can facilitate self-healing of cracks in the cladding layer. Therefore, a crack-free cladding layer can be obtained. Thus, the proposed method solves the easy-cracking problem of the laser cladding layer.