Compared with normal rigid concrete pavement overlaythe overlay constructed with ultra-high ductile engineered cementitious composites (ECC) has a longer service life. Life cycle assessment and cost analysis of overlayer made of six typical ECC materials were carried out. The results show that although ECC overlays do not have short-term advantages in terms of environmental impact and costtheir long-term environmental impact and cost are significantly lower than those of normal rigid concrete overlay due to their exceptionally long service life and lower maintenance frequency. Compared with normal rigid concrete overlayECC overlays with supplementary cementitious materials (fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag) and environmentally friendly fibers (polypropylene fiber or basalt fiber) reduce the global warming potential by 63.2%~68.5% within a life cyclewhile their costs only account for 9.6%~23.3% of normal concrete overlay.