The data of in vivo XRF Pb in human bone were obtained within China by using the in vivo XRF set. The K series X-ray of Pb were applied to determine the in vivo Pb concentration in tibia and calcaneus among Chinese mainland residents. For general population, the weighted average of Pb in bone was 0.4～22.7 μg·(lead g bone mineral)-1. The uncertainty was 7.0～12.5 μg·(lead g bone mineral)-1, and the average minimun detection limit was 20.3μg·(lead g bone mineral)-1. For residents from pollution area, the maximum Pb in bone reached up to 73.9 μg·(lead g bone mineral)-1.