Firstly, aiming at the chattering and slow convergence caused by the common sliding mode approach rate in the sliding mode control of the photoelectric stabilized platform and the suppression of the perturbation of the system moment of inertia, a state error approach rate based on the exponential approach rate is proposed, which introduces the system state and tracking error. The system state point reduces the error in the sliding process, so the control gain gradually decreases, when the error is within the allowable error range, it is stable near the origin, which reduces the jitter and accelerates the convergence speed. Secondly, aiming at the inevitable torque disturbance caused by the low speed of the frame system when tracking the photoelectric stabilized platform, an adaptive sliding mode control method based on LurGre friction model is proposed, and an electromechanical servo control model including the friction model is established. Finally, the stability of the controller is verified by Lyapunov function, and Matlab simulation shows that the controller has stronger robustness, better tracking accuracy and anti-interference ability than that of the traditional control method.