In this paper, neutral borosilicate glass tube vials were taken as research object, and ICPAES was used as research method. By changing liquid medicine concentration, liquid medicine pH value, liquid medicine storage time, glass bottle specification, the migration law of Al3+, B3+, Ca2+, K+, Na+, Si4+ on the inner surface of glass bottle were explored, and the inner surface erosion of glass bottle was observed by SEM. The results show that with the prolongation of storage time, the erosion degree of the inner surface of glass bottle increases. When storage time is 28 d, the migration concentration of K+ and Na+ decreases, the migration concentration of Al3+, B3+, Ca2+, Si4+ increases, and the peeling phenomenon occurs. The smaller the glass bottle specification is, the greater the migration concentration of ions and the erosion degree of the inner surface of glass bottle are. The smaller the liquid medicine concentration is, the smaller the concentration of ions and the erosion degree of the inner surface of glass bottle are. Both acidic and alkaline solution make the erosion degree of the inner surface of glass bottle increase, and alkaline liquid on the inner surface of glass bottle erosion is greater.