Fig. 1. (a) Temporal and spatial variation of ion density distribution; (b) the ion density distribution at 2100T₀. The red dotted line marks the density cavity with the width of 2λ₀. (a)随时间变化的离子密度分布; (b) 2100T₀时刻的离子密度分布

Fig. 2. (a) Spatio-temporal evolution of the electric field E_y, E_y is normalized to E_l, which is the electric field intensity of incident laser; (b) distribution of electric field in (k, ω) space corresponding to the time window [0−2000]T₀ and the space window [200−400] μm; (c) distribution of electric field in (k, ω) space corresponding to the time window [2000−4000]T₀ and the space window [200−400] μm. (a)归一化电场E_y的时空演化图, 其中的归一化量纲E_l为入射激光的电场强度; (b) 0−2000T₀, 200−400 μm等离子体中的电场E_y在k – ω空间中的分布; (c) 2000T₀−4000T₀, 200−400 μm等离子体中的电场E_y在k – ω空间中的分布

Fig. 3. (a) Comparison of the generation time of plasma density cavity with different initial electron temperatures at quarter critical density; (b) comparison of the generation time of plasma density cavity with different initial ion temperatures at quarter critical density.(a)在不同的初始电子温度下, 1/4临界密度处等离子体密度坑的产生时间对比; (b)在不同的初始离子温度下, 1/4临界密度处等离子体密度坑的产生时间对比

Fig. 4. (a) Temporal and spatial variation of ion density distribution; (b) after the formation of density cavities, the ions near the density cavities have been accelerated to a higher energy at the moment of 3200T₀. (a)随时空变化的离子密度分布; (b)密度坑产生后, 在3200T₀时刻, 密度坑附近的离子被加速到较高的能量

Fig. 5. (a), (c), (e) Temporal and spatial variation of ion density distribution in different time windows; (b), (d), (f) the longitudinal field E_x in (x, ω) space. The ion and E_x distribution represent the development of instability regions and parametric instability, respectively. (a), (c), (e)不同时间段中的离子密度在x – t空间中的分布; (b), (d), (f)不同时间段中的纵向电场E_x在x – ω空间中的分布; 这些离子密度以及纵向电场的分布, 分别反映了不稳定区域或激光等离子体不稳定性的发展情况

Fig. 6. (a), (c) The E_x distribution in (k, ω) space corresponding to the time window [0−2000]T₀; (b), (d) the E_x distribution in (k, ω) space corresponding to the time window [2000T₀−4000]T₀. The longitudinal field E_x represents the development of SRS and SBS instabilities in the different time windows, respectively. (a), (c) 0−2000T₀纵场E_x在k-ω空间的分布; (b), (d) 2000T₀−4000T₀纵场E_x在k – ω空间的分布, 相应频率与波矢的纵场E_x, 分别对应了SBS和SRS不稳定性的发展

Fig. 7. (a) The temporal evolution of left traveling wave in frequency space; (b) the temporal evolution of SRS; (c) the temporal evolution of SBS.(a)左行波在频率空间中随时间的变化; (b) SRS的份额随时间的变化; (c) SBS的份额随时间的变化