Raman lidar is used as an effective tool for detection of the atmospheric compositions and characteristics. A complicated Raman lidar system was developed by Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences for measuring the lowtropospheric temporal and spatial distribution of CO2 in the atmosphere. And a series of observations and comparative analysis were performed. A wavelength of 355 nm UV laser was applied as the light resource in this system and the N2 and CO2 Raman backscattering signals were acquired by a dualchannel photoncounting card. Li7500 H2O/CO2 analyzer was employed to compare with the detection results to make system calibration and then to retrieve the atmospheric CO2 volume mixing ratio in the horizontal and vertical direction. And the spatial temporal variation of a whole night atmospheric boundary layer CO2 profile was measured at Hefei area. The observations have a good agreement in the trend of change with the Li7500 H2O/CO2 analyzer. The results show that atmospheric CO2 has relatively homogeneous concentration and the Raman lidar is capable of continuous measuring efficiently the temporal and spatial distribution of CO2 in the atmosphere.