• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 10, Issue 9, 2223 (2022)
Zhihe Zhang1, Dongkai Zhang1, Xiaodong Qiu1, Yuanyuan Chen1、3、*, Sonja Franke-Arnold2、4、*, and Lixiang Chen1、5、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
  • 2School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
  • 3e-mail: chenyy@xmu.edu.cn
  • 4e-mail: Sonja.Franke-Arnold@glasgow.ac.uk
  • 5e-mail: chenlx@xmu.edu.cn
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.443691 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Zhihe Zhang, Dongkai Zhang, Xiaodong Qiu, Yuanyuan Chen, Sonja Franke-Arnold, Lixiang Chen. Experimental investigation of the uncertainty principle for radial degrees of freedom[J]. Photonics Research, 2022, 10(9): 2223 Copy Citation Text show less
    (a) Experimental setup. The intelligent states with various uncertainties in logarithmic radial position such as (b1) λ=200.00 (Δln r=0.05), (b2) λ=50.00 (Δln r=0.1), (b3) λ=22.22 (Δln r=0.15), and (b4) λ=12.50 (Δln r=0.2) are displayed on the SLM. In addition, a set of well-elaborated holograms for analyzing the hyperbolic momentum is also displayed on the same SLM. A combination of these two holograms with fixed λ=12.50 and (b5) PH=10, (b6) PH=15, (b7) PH=20, and (b8) PH=25 is shown in the middle column of (b). (b9–b12) show the resultant light beams in the Fourier plane.
    Fig. 1. (a) Experimental setup. The intelligent states with various uncertainties in logarithmic radial position such as (b1) λ=200.00 (Δlnr=0.05), (b2) λ=50.00 (Δlnr=0.1), (b3) λ=22.22 (Δlnr=0.15), and (b4) λ=12.50 (Δlnr=0.2) are displayed on the SLM. In addition, a set of well-elaborated holograms for analyzing the hyperbolic momentum is also displayed on the same SLM. A combination of these two holograms with fixed λ=12.50 and (b5) PH=10, (b6) PH=15, (b7) PH=20, and (b8) PH=25 is shown in the middle column of (b). (b9–b12) show the resultant light beams in the Fourier plane.
    Experimental observation of hyperbolic momentum spectrum for (a) λ=61.73 (Δln r=0.09), (b) λ=29.59 (Δln r=0.13), and (c) λ=17.30 (Δln r=0.17). The insets show the corresponding intelligent states displayed on the SLM.
    Fig. 2. Experimental observation of hyperbolic momentum spectrum for (a) λ=61.73 (Δlnr=0.09), (b) λ=29.59 (Δlnr=0.13), and (c) λ=17.30 (Δlnr=0.17). The insets show the corresponding intelligent states displayed on the SLM.
    Experimental measurement of the product of the uncertainties in logarithmic radial position and hyperbolic momentum for intelligent states. The red line represents the theoretical bound of ℏ/2.
    Fig. 3. Experimental measurement of the product of the uncertainties in logarithmic radial position and hyperbolic momentum for intelligent states. The red line represents the theoretical bound of /2.
    Experimental measurement of the product of the uncertainties in logarithmic radial position and hyperbolic momentum for rigid slits. The red line represents the lower bound of ℏ/2 in the uncertainty relation (that can only be achieved by the intelligent states) as demonstrated in Eq. (4).
    Fig. 4. Experimental measurement of the product of the uncertainties in logarithmic radial position and hyperbolic momentum for rigid slits. The red line represents the lower bound of /2 in the uncertainty relation (that can only be achieved by the intelligent states) as demonstrated in Eq. (4).
    Zhihe Zhang, Dongkai Zhang, Xiaodong Qiu, Yuanyuan Chen, Sonja Franke-Arnold, Lixiang Chen. Experimental investigation of the uncertainty principle for radial degrees of freedom[J]. Photonics Research, 2022, 10(9): 2223
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