• Acta Physica Sinica
  • Vol. 68, Issue 20, 206801-1 (2019)
Fan Li1, Xin Zhang1、*, and Jiu-Xing Zhang2
Author Affiliations
  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
  • 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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    DOI: 10.7498/aps.68.20190070 Cite this Article
    Fan Li, Xin Zhang, Jiu-Xing Zhang. Direct synthesis of [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e) electride and its thermionic emission performance [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(20): 206801-1 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e) eletride, as the first room-temperature stable inorganic electride, has attracted intensive attention because of its fascinating chemical, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. However, it usually needs synthesizing through a complicated multistep process involving high temperature (e.g., 1350 °C), severe reduction (e.g., 700–1300 ℃ for up to 240 h in Ca or Ti metal vapor atmosphere) and post-purification. Owing to the H2O sensitivity of mayenite, the post-purification is quite troublesome once impurities are introduced. High-density, loosely bound encaged electrons with a low work function make it promise to possess practical applications. Therefore the facile method of massively producing the high-quality C12A7:e with high Ne is extremely desired. In this work, C12A7:e bulks are for the first time synthesized by simple spark plasma sintering process directly from a mixture of C12A7, CA and Ca powders under milder conditions (e.g., sintered at 1070 ℃ for 10 min in a vacuum). The obtained electride, which exhibits a relative density of 99%, an electron concentration of ~2.3×1021 cm–3 and an obvious absorption peak at 2.5 eV, is obtained via SPS process at 1100 ℃ for 10 min. Electronic structure is also investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance. The occurrence of Dysonian characteristic, a typical feature of good electronic conductors, strongly suggests that the electrons are trapped in mayenite cavities. Furthermore, the obtained C12A7:e exhibits good sinterabilty on a crystal scale of 5–40 μm. Thermionic emission test results show that the thermionic emission begins to occur at 700 K and a large current density of 1.75 A/cm2 is obtained in the electron thermal emission from a flat surface of the polycrystalline C12A7:e with an effective work function of 2.09 eV for a temperature of 1373 K with an applied electric field of ~35000 V/cm in a vacuum. Owing to no external reductant is needed, this developed route exhibits notable superiority over the conventional reduction method for phase-pure C12A7:e. Therefore, these results not only suggest a novel precursor for fabricating mayenite electride but also make it possible to produce efficiently the electride in large volume.
    $\begin{split} & {\rm{11CaC}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{ + 7A}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}} \\ = &\; 0{\rm{.8C}}{{\rm{a}}_{{\rm{12}}}}{\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}_{{\rm{14}}}}{{\rm{O}}_{{\rm{33}}}}+ 1{\rm{.4CaA}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{4}}}{\rm{ + 11C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}. \end{split}$ (1)

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    $ \begin{split} & 0{\rm{.8C}}{{\rm{a}}_{{\rm{12}}}}{\rm{A}}{1_{14}}{{\rm{O}}_{33}}+1{\rm{.4CaA}}{1_2}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{4}}}{\rm{ + Ca}}{{\rm{H}}_2}\\ =\; & {\rm{ C}}{{\rm{a}}_{{\rm{12}}}}{\rm{A}}{1_{14}}{{\rm{O}}_{32}}{\rm{:2}}{{\rm{e}}^ - }+{{\rm{H}}_2}. \end{split}$ (2)

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    $ {N_{\rm e}} = {\left[ { - \left( {{E_{\rm SP}} - E_{\rm SP}^0} \right)/0.119} \right]^{0.782}}, $ (3)

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    $ {J_{\rm{s}}} = A{T^2}{{\rm{e}}^{ - 11605\varphi /T}}{{\rm{e}}^{4.4\sqrt E/T}}, $ (4)

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    $ {J_0} = A{T^2}{{\rm{e}}^{ - 11605\varphi /T}}. $ (5)

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    $ {\rm ln}{J_{\rm{s}}} = {\rm ln}{J_0} + 4.4\frac{{\sqrt E }}{T}. $ (6)

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    $ {\rm{ln}}\frac{{{J_0}}}{{{T^2}}} = - 11605\frac{\varphi }{T} + {\rm{ln}}A. $ (7)

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    Fan Li, Xin Zhang, Jiu-Xing Zhang. Direct synthesis of [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e) electride and its thermionic emission performance [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(20): 206801-1
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