A new type of aspheric artificial compound eye with variable focal length was proposed.The structure divides the curved compound eye into three fan shaped areas, and the focal lengh of the microlens in different areas is different, so that the artificial compound eye can achieve the focal length adjustment within a certain range.Through calculation and simulation analysis, aspheric surface optimization is carried out for the microlens structure at all levels. After optimization, the spherical difference value of each level of micrilens is 1/1000 before optimization, which improved the edge image quality of curved compound eyes. The aspherical artificial compound eye sample with the number of eyes of 61 and the diameter of the base of 8.66 mm is prepared by using the molding method. Calibrating the mutual relationship between the eyes of the child and establishing a mathematical model for the simultaneous identification of multiple sub eyes. The artificial compound eye imaging performance test and target positioning test platform are built. Through experimental verification, the artificial compound eye camera can acquire clear circular and cross-shaped light spot images. The size of images collected in each sector area is different, and the zoom imaging can be realized within a certain range. By capturing the target with multiple microlenses and the relationship between the incident angle and the center of gravity of the image point, the coordinates of the target point are calculated. The experimental results show that the positioning error value is less than 10%.