In order to study the transmission characteristics of polarized light in seawater with mineral particles suspended, a Monte Carlo based vector radiative transfer model considering the multiscattering effect was proposed. The accuracy of the model was verified by literature results, and the influences of the mineral paticles′ microphysical properties as well as polarization states on transmission characteristics of incident lightis were studied respectively. The result shows that there is a negative correlation between the sensibilities of propagation properties′ response to the variation of the refractive index and the real part of refractive. The imaginary part of refractive indexwhich denotes the absorption ability of particles is an other important factor that influences the propagation characteristics of light. The transmission rate will decrease rapidly with the increase of the imaginary part of refractive index. With the increasing of effective radius, the transmission rate of light drops gradually, but the fact is reversed for the reflection rate. The transmission properties of circularly polarized light and natural light are similar. The transmission rate of vertically polarized light is the largest, while the transmission ability for circularly polarized is the worst. The reflection ability of natural light is the strongest among the four kinds of light, but the reflection ability of horizontally polarized light is the worst. The incident angle of horizontally polarized light has a more sinificant influence on the transmission properties than the other three types of polarized light.