Supercontinuum laser refers to the spectral broadening of an incident laser beam due to a series of nonlinear effects when the incident beam passes through a special light guide. With the development of ultrafast lasers and the photonic crystal fiber technology, the coherent and bright supercontinuum laser, generated with ultrashort pulses propagating in photonic crystal fibers, has become a kind of ideal white light source. Since supercontinuum lasers have been put into practice, their application domain is getting wider, especially for cells and bloods analysis in the biomedical field with fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and optical coherence tomography as powerful analysis tools. Supercontinuum laser source has become one of the mail optical components in these scientific instruments that employ advanced technologies. In this paper, international research progress on supercontinuum laser sources was introduced in detail firstly, and then the development and application of supercontinuum laser spectroscopy technology in biomedical fields, such as microscopic imaging, flow cytometry instrument, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, optical coherence tomography, and confocal microscopy was comprehensively elaborated. The requirements, schemes and research progress of supercontinuum laser spectroscopy technologies in the noncontact identification for blood products were also discussed in the paper, including studies on light fiber supercontinuum laser sources with spectra range from 400 to 2000nm, distinguishing species characteristic of bloods with supercontinuum laser spectroscopy, analyzing and establishing mathematical models based on meta databases of big data bloods spectra, determining the bloods species based on these models, and developing portable instruments for bloods spectra identification. Finally, the prospect of applications of supercontinuum laser spectroscopy in the biomedical field is discussed.