To study the mechanical properties of rubber concrete under different strain rates, this paper presented an experimental study on rubber concrete under axial loading. The effects of rubber replacement ratio of fine aggregates and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of rubber concrete were analyzed. The test results show that the stress-strain curve and compressive strength of rubber concrete have increasing trend with the strain rate increasing, and the initial damage value of rubber concrete shows a decreasing trend with the strain rate increasing. However, the strain rate has insignificant effect on the elastic modulus of rubber concrete. When the strain rate increases from 3.3×10-5/s to 3.3×10-3/s, the compressive strength of rubber concrete with rubber volume replacement ratios of 0%, 20% and 30% increases by 31%, 24% and 10%, respectively. When the rubber volume replacement rate changes from 0% to 30%, the compressive strength of rubber concrete with strain rates of 3.3×10-5/s, 3.3×10-4/s and 3.3×10-3/s is reduced 17%, 15%, 30%, respectively. The energy consumption of rubber concrete tends to increase as the loading rate increases. Finally, a damage constitutive relationship model of rubber concrete under different strain rates is established based on the experimental data, and the accuracy of the newly established model is verified by the experimental data.