United block sequence mapping-based visible light positioning for dense small cell deployment

Runmei Zhao; Zhitong Huang; Yuxin Liu; Yuefeng Ji

doi:10.3788/COL201614.070601

Journals >Chinese Optics Letters >Volume 14 >Issue 7 >Page 070601 > Article

Chinese Optics Letters
Vol. 14, Issue 7, 070601 (2016)

United block sequence mapping-based visible light positioning for dense small cell deployment

Runmei Zhao, Zhitong Huang, Yuxin Liu, and Yuefeng Ji^*

Author Affiliations

State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

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DOI: 10.3788/COL201614.070601 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Runmei Zhao, Zhitong Huang, Yuxin Liu, Yuefeng Ji. United block sequence mapping-based visible light positioning for dense small cell deployment[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2016, 14(7): 070601 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. General design of the positioning frame.

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Fig. 2. Positioning frame of LED2,7 (M=11, N=7).

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Fig. 3. Procedures of ACM.

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Fig. 4. (a) Distribution of the normalized received optical power and the layout of the LED lights. (b) The DOS on the detection surface.

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Fig. 5. Data processing of RI.

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Fig. 6. (a) Control circuit of LED lights, (b) the full view of the experimental setup, (c) the APD (d) the signal of one LED light (yellow), and the received signal (blue).

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Fig. 7. Position results of (a) FDM, (b) MTF, (c) MFM(1), (d) MFM(2), (e) MFM(3), and (f) ACM.

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	RI of $i$ th Row
RI frame mode	‘1’ position	‘0’ position
‘ $R +$ ’	last $i$	first ( $M - i$ )
‘ $R -$ ’	last $(M + 1 - i)$	first ( $M - i$ )
	CI of $j$ column
CI frame mode	‘1’ position	‘0’ position
‘ $C +$ ’	last ( $j$ )	first ( $N - j$ )
‘ $C -$ ’	last ( $N + 1 - j$ )	first ( $j - 1$ )

Table 1. Frame Modes.

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Semi-angle at half power (deg.)	20
column spacing of LED lights (m)	2
Row spacing of LED lights (m)	2
Number of LED lights	100 ( $10 \times 10$ )
LED installation height (ceiling height) (m)	6
FOV at a receiver (deg.)	60
Detector physical area of a PD ( ${cm}^{2}$ )	1.0
Gain of an optical filter	1.0
Refractive index of a lens at a PD	1.5
O/E conversion efficiency (A/W)	0.53

Table 2. Simulation Parameters

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	MDE (cm)	Time cost(s)	Storage cost
FDM	18.213	$1.1074 \times 10^{- 2}$	$41 \times 41 \times 100$
MTM	18.298	$6.8763 \times 10^{- 5}$	$41 + 41$
MFM(1)	33.2165	$2.1564 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2 \times 2$
MFM(3)	18.918	$1.5798 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4 \times 2$
MFM(5)	9.8284	$1.4348 \times 10^{- 4}$	$6 \times 2$
MFM(7)	4.7849	$1.4898 \times 10^{- 4}$	$8 \times 2$
MFM(9)	3.0163	$1.4710 \times 10^{- 4}$	$10 \times 2$
ACM	$8.33 \times 10^{- 3}$	$1.4526 \times 10^{- 3}$	0

Table 3. Performance Comparison

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	MDE (cm)	Time cost (s)	Storage cost
FDM	4.2678	$1.8635 \times 10^{- 5}$	$6 \times 6 \times 4$
MTM	4.2678	$1.1162 \times 10^{- 5}$	$6 + 6$
MFM(1)	2.0060	$4.8981 \times 10^{- 5}$	$2 + 2$
MFM(2)	1.9300	$3.7259 \times 10^{- 5}$	$3 + 3$
MFM(3)	1.1929	$3.9496 \times 10^{- 5}$	$4 + 4$
ACM	1.4598	$1.1 \times 10^{- 3}$	0

Table 4. Performance Comparison in the Experiment

Runmei Zhao, Zhitong Huang, Yuxin Liu, Yuefeng Ji. United block sequence mapping-based visible light positioning for dense small cell deployment[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2016, 14(7): 070601

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