Near net size preparation of porous mullite ceramics with controllable shrinkage was achieved via gel casting and pore-forming agent process With Al2O3 and kyanite as raw materials, PMMA microspheres as a pore-forming agent, and isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer (Isobam104) as a gelling/dispersing agent. The effect of sintering temperature on the phase composition and the effect of solid loading on the microstructure, phase composition, shrinkage, porosity, and compressive strength of samples were investigated. The results show that the shrinkage of samples sintered at 1 500 ℃ firstly decreases and then increases as the solid loading increases. At the solid loading of 30%(in volume fraction) and the content of pore forming agent of 30%(in mass fraction), the total shrinkage of the samples is close to zero, realizing the near net size preparation of porous mullite ceramics. The prepared porous mullite ceramics exhibite a higher porosity (i.e., 60.4%), a smaller average pore size (i.e., 3.75 μm) and a higher compressive strength (i.e., 8.3 MPa). The shrinkage of porous ceramics can be effectively controlled by the volume expansion effect in the preparation process, and the near net size preparation of porous mullite ceramics is of great significance for the preparation of large-size and complex porous ceramic parts and the reduction of processing cost.