Transport big data can reflect movement and trajectories of human socio-economic activities, and facilitate studies in a wide range of areas using high-resolution data. Various types of continuous observations from different perspectives can provide new ideas and promote the technological development of human and economic geography. Based on the frontier of transport studies, this paper reviewed the development of location theory, time and space behavior, complex network, and space of flow. Also, this paper outlined a research framework of human and economic geography in the era of big data, discussed the possibilities of combining traditional methods and new technologies, and summarized influences of related branches. Then we proposed the major direction and tendency of applying transport big data, including transport planning with 'Mobility as a Service', urban management with artificial intelligence, simulation of traffic flow migration at a large scale, and investigationof space of flow and space at multiple scales, etc. Finally, this paper pointed out emerging issues in the application such as data access and data bias.