A temperature-controlled liquid crystal filling photonic crystal fiber was designed. The dispersion compensation characteristics of photonic crystal fiber were numerically simulated by using the finite element method. The effects of various structural parameters on the photonic crystal fiber dispersion were theoretically analyzed. And the structure parameters were adjusted. By adjusting the liquid crystal′s refractive index, dispersion compensation location can be precisely adjusted to 1 550 nm, the peak of negative dispersion is －426 000 ps·nm－1·km－1. A 2-meter-long designed fiber can compensate a 50 000-meter-long standard single-mode fiber (G652). The simulation results show that the dispersion compensation wavelength changes with the effective refractive index of the filled LC, and it might be quantitatively controlled by the temperature adjustment in the wavelength range from 1 533 nm to 1 552 nm.