Aiming at the target detection from tens to hundreds of meters, a project of receiving and processing of short-range pulse laser detection is proposed. The detection receiving optical system and automatic gain control curve are designed particularly, the combination focus of double lens is analyzed and calculated, and the receiving optical system is validated and optimized farther by the software simulation method. In the design of automatic gain control curve, for characteristics of AD558 chip, the designs of automatic gain control and amplifier circuits in CPLD chip are described, and the automatic gain control curve circuit is simulated. The experiment shows that the detection effect is very good.