In order to realize high-sensitivity optical fiber temperature sensing, a multi-wavelength erbium-doped optical fiber temperature sensor with double Brillouin frequency shift interval is proposed and verified. In the experiment of this scheme, the laser output with a wavelength of 1558.214 nm is used as the Brillouin pump, which is amplified by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, then passes through a double frequency cavity composed of two three-port circulators and a section of 20 km single-mode fiber, which is both the Brillouin gain medium and the temperature sensing element. The experimental results show that the temperature sensing coefficient can be adjusted from 2.186~15.328 MHz/℃ under seven stable double frequencies with high signal-to-noise ratio, and the temperature measurement error of the highest Stokes wave is ±0.322 ℃.