Chinese historical culture has always been a hot topic in Chinese literature research. Most researches are based on the literary works themselves or individual litterateur' characteristics, which are lack of the support of big data about ancient litterateurs' behaviors. The historical development is created by the groups of the individuals, and ancient literati's behaviors potentially influenced and determined the distributions and transitions of ancient culture in the field of cultural geography. This paper proposed a method of big data analysis based on literati's locations and aggregations of literati movements, and demonstrated the changes of the cultural-center cities in Chinese history based on the literati's footprint data in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The opinions about three transitions of Chinese historical cultural center in cultural geography are basically built on qualitative analysis and on the inference of three historical battles, which is short of valid ancient cultural data to validate. This paper tried to examine and demonstrate the opinions based on data science, information science, and GIS analysis techniques. Records about 110 000 footprint data of more than 300 important literati in the Tang and Song Dynasties were collected from the relatedcultural works and literatures, and the paper used location-linked technology in GIS field to form trajectories, and constructed the literati migration network map. The spatialized PageRank algorithm was adopted to calculate the Chinese cities' cultural attractions and their ranks, which visualized the literati aggregation center in different eras and plotted the cultural-center cities of the Tang and Song Dynasties using heat maps. At the same time, quantitative descriptions of the cities' cultural attractions and geographic distributions and changes of different cities in Tang and Song Dynasties were illustrated by maps and tables in this paper. To demonstrate the transition of Chinese historical culture center, the paper summarized the cities' cultural attractions in the Tang and Song Dynasties by the interval of 20 years, and reshaped the change curve to visualize the comparisons and changes of culture weights about south and north in historical china over time. Then, this paper scientifically demonstrated the two latter times of the three cultural movements of the Chinese cultural center from the perspective of data science by quantitative analysis and graphic visualization. It was found that the southward movement of the Chinese cultural center was completed as early as the NanSong Dynasty. This paper also analyzed the formation of the cultural-central city and analyzed the possible factors of the cultural-center southward movement with the historical contexts.