• Frontiers of Optoelectronics
  • Vol. 9, Issue 3, 450 (2016)
Daoxin DAI1、* and Shipeng WANG2
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • 2Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1007/s12200-016-0557-8 Cite this Article
    Daoxin DAI, Shipeng WANG. Asymmetric directional couplers based on silicon nanophotonic waveguides and applications[J]. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2016, 9(3): 450 Copy Citation Text show less
    References

    [1] Fukuda H, Yamada K, Tsuchizawa T, Watanabe T, Shinojima H, Itabashi S. Ultrasmall polarization splitter based on silicon wire waveguides. Optics Express, 2006, 14(25): 12401–12408

    [2] Shi Y, Anand S, He S. Design of a polarization insensitive triplexer using directional couplers based on submicron silicon Rib waveguides. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2009, 27(11): 1443–1447

    [3] Okamoto K. Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides.New York: Academic Press, 2010

    [4] Haus H A, Huang W P, Kawakami S, Whitaker N. Coupled-mode theory of optical waveguides. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1987, 5(1): 16–23

    [5] Wagner R E, Cheng J. Electrically controlled optical switch for multimode fiber applications. Applied Optics, 1980, 19(17): 2921– 2925

    [6] Schmidt R V, Alferness R C. Directional coupler switches, modulators, and filters using alternating Db techniques. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 1979, 26(12): 1099–1108

    [7] Kogelnik H, Schmidt R V. Switched directional couplers with alternating Db. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1976, 12(7): 396–401

    [8] Paniccia M J. A perfect marriage: optics and silicon. Optik & Photonik, 2011, 6(2): 34–38

    [9] Bogaerts W, Selvaraja S K, Dumon P, Brouckaert J, De Vos K, Van Thourhout D, Baets R. Silicon-on-insulator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2010, 16(1): 33–44

    [10] Bogaerts W, Dumon P, Van Thourhout D, Taillaert D, Jaenen P, Wouters J, Beckx S, Wiaux V, Baets R. Compact wavelengthselective functions in silicon-on-insulator photonic wires. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2006, 12(6): 1394–1401

    [11] Sasaki K, Ohno F, Motegi A, Baba T. Arrayed waveguide grating of 70_ 60 μm2 size based on Si photonic wire waveguides. Electronics Letters, 2005, 41(14): 801–802

    [12] Bogaerts W, Dumon P, Van Thourhout D, Taillaert D, Jaenen P, Wouter J, Beckx S, Wiaux V, Baets R G. Compact wavelengthselective functions in silicon-on-insulator photonic wires. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2006, 12(6): 1394–1401

    [13] Soltani M, Yegnanarayanan S, Adibi A. Ultra-high Q planar silicon microdisk resonators for chip-scale silicon photonics. Optics Express, 2007, 15(8): 4694–4704

    [14] Li C, Zhou L, Poon A W. Silicon microring carrier-injection-based modulators/switches with tunable extinction ratios and OR-logic switching by using waveguide cross-coupling. Optics Express, 2007, 15(8): 5069–5076

    [15] Rong H, Jones R, Liu A, Cohen O, Hak D, Fang A, Paniccia M. A continuous-wave Raman silicon laser. Nature, 2005, 433(7027): 725–728

    [16] Xu Q, Schmidt B, Pradhan S, Lipson M. Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator. Nature, 2005, 435(7040): 325–327

    [17] Barrios C A, Almeida V R, Panepucci R, Lipson M. Electrooptic modulation of silicon-on-insulator submicrometer-size waveguide devices. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2003, 21(10): 2332– 2339

    [18] Tang Y, Chen H W, Jain S, Peters J D,Westergren U, Bowers J E. 50 Gb/s hybrid silicon traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator. Optics Express, 2011, 19(7): 5811–5816

    [19] Dai D, Liu L, Wosinski L, He S. Design and fabrication of ultrasmall overlapped AWG demultiplexer based on α-SOI nanowire waveguides. Electronics Letters, 2006, 42(7): 400–402

    [20] Fukuda H, Yamada K, Tsuchizawa T, Watanabe T, Shinojima H, Itabashi S. Silicon photonic circuit with polarization diversity. Optics Express, 2008, 16(7): 4872–4880

    [21] Vermeulen D, Van Acoleyen K, Ghosh S, Selvaraja S, De Cort W, Yebo N, Hallynck E, De Vos K, Debackere P, Dumon P, Bogaerts W, Roelkens G, Van Thourhout D, Baets R. Efficient tapering to the fundamental quasi-TM mode in asymmetrical waveguides. In: Proceedings of European Conference on Integrated Optics (ECIO), United Kingdom, 2010. Paper Wep16

    [22] Dai D, Bowers J E. Novel concept for ultracompact polarization splitter-rotator based on silicon nanowires. Optics Express, 2011, 19 (11): 10940–10949

    [23] Dai D, Bauters J, Bowers J E. Passive technologies for future largescale photonic integrated circuits on silicon: polarization handling, light non-reciprocity and loss reduction. Light, Science & Applications, 2012, 1(3): e1

    [24] Dai D, Liu L, Gao S, Xu D, He S. Polarization management for silicon photonic integrated circuits. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2013, 7(3): 303–328

    [25] Augustin L M, Van der Tol J J G M, Hanfoug R, de LaatWJ M, Van de Moosdijk M J E, Van Dijk P W L, Oei Y, Smit M K. A single etch-step fabrication-tolerant polarization splitter. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2007, 25(3): 740–746

    [26] Liang T K, Tsang H K. Integrated polarization beam splitter in high index contrast silicon-on-insulator waveguides. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2005, 17(2): 393–395

    [27] Augustin L M, Hanfoug R, Van der Tol J, de LaatWJ M, SmitMK. A compact integrated polarization splitter/converter in InGaAsPInP. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2007, 19(17): 1286–1288

    [28] Hong J M, Ryu H H, Park S R, Jeong J W, Gol L S, Lee E H, Park S G, Woo D, Kim S O B H. Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2003, 15(1): 72– 74

    [29] Jiao Y, Dai D, Shi Y, He S. Shortened polarization beam splitters with two cascaded multimode interference sections. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2009, 21(20): 1538–1540

    [30] Tu Z, Huang Y W, Yi H X, Wang X J, Li Y P, Li L, Hu W W.A compact SOI polarization beam splitter based on multimode interference coupler. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2011, 8307(1):1–6

    [31] Yang B K, Shin S Y, Zhang D. Ultrashort polarization splitter using two-mode interference in silicon photonic wires. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2009, 21(7): 432–434

    [32] Kiyat I, Aydinli A, Dagli N. A compact silicon-on-insulator polarization splitter. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2005, 17 (1): 100–102

    [33] Xiao J, Liu X, Sun X. Design of a compact polarization splitter in horizontal multiple-slotted waveguide structures. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2008, 47(5R): 3748–3754

    [34] Tu X, Ang S S N, Chew A B, Teng J, Mei T. An ultracompact directional coupler based on gaas cross-slot waveguide. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2010, 22(17): 1324–1326

    [35] Yamazaki T, Aono H, Yamauchi J, Nakano H. Coupled waveguide polarization splitter with slightly different core widths. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2008, 26(21): 3528–3533

    [36] Yue Y, Zhang L, Yang J Y, Beausoleil R G,Willner A E. Silicon-oninsulator polarization splitter using two horizontally slotted waveguides. Optics Letters, 2010, 35(9): 1364–1366

    [37] Shi Y, Dai D, He S. Proposal for an ultracompact polarization-beam splitter based on a photonic-crystal-assisted multimode interference coupler. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2007, 19(11): 825– 827

    [38] Ao X, Liu L,Wosinski L, He S. Polarization beam splitter based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal of pillar type. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(17): 171115

    [39] Dai D. Silicon polarization beam splitter based on an asymmetrical evanescent coupling system with three optical waveguides. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012, 30(20): 3281–3287

    [40] Dai D, Bowers J E. Novel ultra-short and ultra-broadband polarization beam splitter based on a bent directional coupler. Optics Express, 2011, 19(19): 18614–18620

    [41] Wang J, Liang D, Tang Y, Dai D, Bowers J E. Realization of an ultra-short silicon polarization beam splitter with an asymmetrical bent directional coupler. Optics Letters, 2013, 38(1): 4–6

    [42] KomatsuMA, Saitoh K, Koshiba M. Design of miniaturized silicon wire and slot waveguide polarization splitter based on a resonant tunneling. Optics Express, 2009, 17(21): 19225–19233

    [43] Dai D, Wang Z, Bowers J E. Ultrashort broadband polarization beam splitter based on an asymmetrical directional coupler. Optics Letters, 2011, 36(13): 2590–2592

    [44] Lin S, Hu J, Crozier K B. Ultracompact, broadband slot waveguide polarization splitter. Applied Physics Letters, 2011, 98(15): 151101

    [45] Lou F, Dai D, Wosinski L. Ultracompact polarization beam splitter based on a dielectric-hybrid plasmonic-dielectric coupler. Optics Letters, 2012, 37(16): 3372–3374

    [46] Chee J, Zhu S, Lo G Q. CMOS compatible polarization splitter using hybrid plasmonic waveguide. Optics Express, 2012, 20(23): 25345–25355

    [47] Guan X, Wu H, Shi Y, Wosinski L, Dai D. Ultracompact and broadband polarization beam splitter utilizing the evanescent coupling between a hybrid plasmonic waveguide and a silicon nanowire. Optics Letters, 2013, 38(16): 3005–3008

    [48] Almeida V R, Xu Q, Barrios C A, Lipson M. Guiding and confining light in void nanostructure. Optics Letters, 2004, 29(11): 1209–1211

    [49] Dai D, He S. A silicon-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a metal cap for a nano-scale light confinement. Optics Express, 2009, 17(19): 16646–16653

    [50] Song Y, Wang J, Li Q, Yan M, Qiu M. Broadband coupler between silicon waveguide and hybrid plasmonic waveguide. Optics Express, 2010, 18(12): 13173–13179

    [51] Dai D. Silicon mode-(de) multiplexer for a hybrid multiplexing system to achieve ultrahigh capacity photonic networks-on-chip with a single-wavelength-carrier light. In: Proceedings of Communications And Photonics Conference (ACP), IEEE, 2012, 1–3

    [52] Little B E, Chu S T, Absil P P, Hryniewicz J V, Johnson F G, Seiferth F, Gill D, Van V, King O, Trakalo M. Very high-order microring resonator filters for WDM applications. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2004, 16(10): 2263–2265

    [53] Luo X, Song J, Feng S, Poon A W, Liow T Y, Yu M, Lo G Q, Kwong D L. Silicon high-order coupled-microring-based electrooptical switches for on-chip optical interconnects. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(10): 821–823

    [54] Tobing L Y M, Dumon P, Baets R, Chin M K. Boxlike filter response based on complementary photonic bandgaps in twodimensional microresonator arrays. Optics Letters, 2008, 33(21): 2512–2514

    [55] Melloni A. Synthesis of a parallel-coupled ring-resonator filter. Optics Letters, 2001, 26(12): 917–919

    [56] Little B E, Chu S T, Haus H A, Foresi J, Laine J P. Microring resonator channel dropping filters. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997, 15(6): 998–1005

    [57] Xia F, Rooks M, Sekaric L, Vlasov Y. Ultra-compact high order ring resonator filters using submicron silicon photonic wires for on-chip optical interconnects. Optics Express, 2007, 15(19): 11934–11941

    [58] Bachmann M, Besse P A, Melchior H. General self-imaging properties in N _ N multimode interference couplers including phase relations. Applied Optics, 1994, 33(18): 3905–3911

    [59] Chen P, Chen S, Guan X, Shi Y, Dai D. High-order microring resonators with bent couplers for a box-like filter response. Optics Letters, 2014, 39(21): 6304–6307

    [60] Morino H, Maruyama T, Iiyama K. Reduction of wavelength dependence of coupling characteristics using si optical waveguide curved directional coupler. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2014, 32(12): 2188–2192

    [61] Xia F, Sekaric L, Vlasov Y A. Mode conversion losses in silicon-oninsulator photonic wire based racetrack resonators. Optics Express, 2006, 14(9): 3872–3886

    [62] Soldano L B, de Vreede A I, Smit M K, Verbeek B H, Metaal E G, Groen F H. Mach-Zehnder interferometer polarization splitter in InGaAsP/InP. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1994, 6(3): 402– 405

    [63] Tang Y, Dai D, He S. Proposal for a grating waveguide serving as both a polarization splitter and an efficient coupler for silicon-oninsulator nanophotonic circuits. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2009, 21(4): 242–244

    [64] Alam M Z, Meier J, Aitchison J S, Mojahedi M.Super mode propagation in low index medium. In: Proceeding of Photonic Applications Systems Technologies Conference, Optical Society of America, 2007, Jthd112

    [65] Oulton R F, Sorger V J, Genov D A, Pile D F P, Zhang X. A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and longrange propagation. Nature Photonics, 2008, 2(8): 496–500

    [66] Oulton R F, Sorger V J, Zentgraf T, Ma R M, Gladden C, Dai L, Bartal G, Zhang X. Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale. Nature, 2009, 461(7264): 629–632

    [67] Fujii M, Leuthold J, Freude W. Dispersion relation and loss of subwavelength confined mode oof metal-dielectric-gap optical waveguides. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2009, 21(6): 362–364

    [68] Sorin W V, Kim B Y, Shaw H J. Highly selective evanescent modal filter for two-mode optical fibers. Optics Letters, 1986, 11(9): 581– 583

    [69] Li A, Chen X, Amin A A, Shieh W. Fused fiber mode couplers for few-mode transmission. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(21): 1953–1956

    [70] Fontaine N K, Doerr C R, Mestre M A, Ryf R, Winzer P, Buhl L, Sun Y, Jiang X, Lingle R.Space-division multiplexing and alloptical MIMO demultiplexing using a photonic integrated circuit. In: Proceeding of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Optical Society of America, 2012, PDP5B. 1

    [71] Wohlfeil B, Stamatiadis C, Zimmermann L, Petermann K.Compact fiber grating coupler on SOI for coupling of higher order fiber modes. In: Proceeding of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Optical Society of America, 2013, OTh1B. 2

    [72] Ding Y, Ou H, Xu J, Peucheret C. Silicon photonic integrated circuit mode multiplexer. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2013, 25(7): 648–651

    [73] Koonen A M J, Chen H, Van den Boom H P A, Raz O. Silicon photonic integrated mode multiplexer and demultiplexer. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(21): 1961–1964

    [74] Uematsu T, Ishizaka Y, Kawaguchi Y, Saitoh K, Koshiba M. Design of a compact two-mode multi/demultiplexer consisting of multi-mode interference waveguides and a wavelength insensitive phase shifter for mode-division multiplexing transmission. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012, 30(15): 2421–2426

    [75] Greenberg M, Orenstein M. Multimode add-drop multiplexing by adiabatic linearly tapered coupling. Optics Express, 2005, 13(23): 9381–9387

    [76] Greenberg M Y, Orenstein M.Mode add drop for optical interconnects based on adiabatic high order mode couplers. In: Proceedings of Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Optical Society of America, 2005, JTuC55

    [77] Xing J, Li Z, Xiao X, Yu J, Yu Y. Two-mode multiplexer and demultiplexer based on adiabatic couplers. Optics Letters, 2013, 38 (17): 3468–3470

    [78] Love J D, Vance R W C, Joblin A. Asymmetric, adiabatic multipronged planar splitters. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 1996, 28(4): 353–369

    [79] Lee B T, Shin S Y. Mode-order converter in a multimode waveguide. Optics Letters, 2003, 28(18): 1660–1662

    [80] Low A L Y, Yong Y S, You A H, Chien S F, Teo C F. A five-order mode converter for multimode waveguide. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2004, 16(7): 1673–1675

    [81] Riesen N, Love J D. Spatial mode-division-multiplexing of fewmode fiber. In: Proceedings of European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication, Optical Society of America, 2012, P2. 14

    [82] Riesen N, Love J D. Design of mode-sorting asymmetric Yjunctions. Applied Optics, 2012, 51(15): 2778–2783

    [83] Driscoll J B, Grote R R, Souhan B, Dadap J I, Lu M, Osgood R M. Asymmetric Y junctions in silicon waveguides for on-chip modedivision multiplexing. Optics Letters, 2013, 38(11): 1854–1856

    [84] Chen W, Wang P, Yang J. Mode multi/demultiplexer based on cascaded asymmetric Y-junctions. Optics Express, 2013, 21(21): 25113–25119

    [85] Bagheri S, Green W. Silicon-on-insulator mode-selective add-drop unit for on-chip mode-division multiplexing. In: Proceedings of 2009 6th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 2009

    [86] Dai D, Wang J, Shi Y. Silicon mode (de)multiplexer enabling high capacity photonic networks-on-chip with a single-wavelengthcarrier light. Optics Letters, 2013, 38(9): 1422–1424

    [87] Hanzawa N, Saitoh K, Sakamoto T, Matsui T, Tsujikawa K, Koshiba M, Yamamoto F. Two-mode PLC-based mode multi/ demultiplexer for mode and wavelength division multiplexed transmission. Optics Express, 2013, 21(22): 25752–25760

    [88] Qiu H, Yu H, Hu T, Jiang G, Shao H, Yu P, Yang J, Jiang X. Silicon mode multi/demultiplexer based on multimode grating-assisted couplers. Optics Express, 2013, 21(15): 17904–17911

    [89] Luo L W, Ophir N, Chen C, Gabrielli L H, Poitras C B, Bergman K, Lipson M. Simultaneous mode and wavelength division multiplexing on-chip. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.2378, 2013

    [90] Ding Y, Xu J, Da Ros F, Huang B, Ou H, Peucheret C. On-chip twomode division multiplexing using tapered directional coupler-based mode multiplexer and demultiplexer. Optics Express, 2013, 21(8): 10376–10382

    [91] Wang J, He S, Dai D. On-chip silicon 8-channel hybrid (de) multiplexer enabling simultaneous mode-and polarization-divisionmultiplexing. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2014, 8(2): L18–L22

    [92] Wang J, Chen P, Chen S, Shi Y, Dai D. Improved 8-channel silicon mode demultiplexer with grating polarizers. Optics Express, 2014, 22(11): 12799–12807

    [93] Wang Z, Dai D. Ultrasmall Si-nanowire-based polarization rotator. JOSA B, 2008, 25(5): 747–753

    [94] Wang J, Chen S, Dai D. Silicon hybrid demultiplexer with 64 channels for wavelength/mode-division multiplexed on-chip optical interconnects. Optics Letters, 2014, 39(24): 6993–6996

    [95] Dai D,Wang J, Chen S,Wang S, He S. Monolithically integrated 64- channel silicon hybrid demultiplexer enabling simultaneous wavelength- and mode-division-multiplexing. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2015, 9(3): 339–344

    Daoxin DAI, Shipeng WANG. Asymmetric directional couplers based on silicon nanophotonic waveguides and applications[J]. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2016, 9(3): 450
    Download Citation