PZT antiferroelectric ceramic powder with single perovskite structure was synthesized by sol-hydrothermal method. According to the test results of the research group in the early stage, the hydrothermal reaction temperature was selected as 180 ℃, the hydrothermal reaction time as 24 h, and the concentration of mineralizer KOH as 3 mol/L. The effects of the excessive value of Pb on the synthesis of PZT ceramic powder were discussed. It is found that the excessive value of Pb is too low to compensate for the loss of Pb in the reaction process. The loss of Pb at A position is easily lead to the decrease of the crystallinity of PZT powder and the incomplete crystallization of particles. With the increasing of Pb excessive value, the particle crystallization is enhanced and the crystallization is more complete. When the content of Pb increases to 10%, PZT powder with good crystallinity is obtained. Therefore, the best excessive value of Pb in this experiment is determined as 10%.