Based on the center pull-out test of basalt fiber reinforced polymer bars/engineering cementitious composites (BFRP bars/ECC), the effects of graded particle size of ECC, surface treatment and diameter of BFRP bars on bond performance and bond-slip curve of BFRP bars/ECC were analyzed. The results show that the failure modes of the specimens are BFRP bar pull-out failure and BFRP bar rupture failure. The BFRP bars/ECC bond-slip curve is wave type. The peak point of each wave is selected and an absolute value of linear slope |k| is fitted to characterize the wear degree of ECC and tear degree of BFRP transverse rib. If the |k| ≥ 0.144, transverse rib of BFRP bar is deemed to wear completely, and if the |k| < 0.144, the transverse rib of BFRP bar is deemed to worn and flush with the ECC. The average bond strength of BFRP bars/ECC does not change significantly with the particle size. The graded particle size of ECC increases the average bond strength of BFRP bars/ECC by 3.2%~9.6%. The BFRP bars/ECC with the aggregate particle size of 0.15~0.3 mm has the best bond strength. The larger the diameter of BFRP bars is, the smaller the average bond strength of BFRP bars/ECC is. The average bond strength of BFRP bars/ECC with the diameter of 12 mm is about 8.2% and 4.4% lower than that of BFRP bars/ECC with the diameter of 8 mm and 10 mm. The average bond strength of BFRP bars/ECC with shallow thread BFRP bars decreases by 83.7%, but the overall bond stress changes stably, and the failure degree to both ECC and BFRP bars is minimal. Reducing the diameter of BFRP bars, ECC aggregate particle size, or the rib depth of BFRP bars at the free end of BFRP bars/ECC can improve the bond performance and stability of BFRP bars/ECC.