Scientific assessment of spatial vulnerability and resilience and analysis of its spatio-temporal distribution characteristics can provide reference for the decision-making of land spatial development and protection. The comprehensive index assessment method and the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) method are used to evaluate land spatial vulnerability and to simulate the land spatial resilience at the municipal scale in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, respectively. The comprehensive analysis is used to examine the combination characteristics of land saptial vulnerability and resilience. The results showed that: (1) The spatial vulnerability index of land in the study area has a significant downward trend, and the cumulative decline rate is 16.49% from 2008 to 2017. And the spatial vulnerability index gradually decreases from west to east. (2) Under the policy scenarios of "ecological priority", "maintenance status" and "development priority", the spatial resilience of the region is in the higher degree (47.22%), medium degree (35.19%) and low degree (99.07%), respectively. (3) The land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is dominated by the types of low vulnerability-moderate resilience and low vulnerability-low resilience, accounting for 30.63% of the total land area. The overall vulnerability of land is low, and its resilience is at a low to medium level.