Selecting the representative large and small towns which were Urumqi, Korla, Bole cities in Xinjiang, the ground-based mini MAX-DOAS measurement was carried out to observe the tropospheric NO2 vertical column density at town, industrial districts and farmland area in different grade cities from Jul to Aug 2014. It turned out(1) In the diurnal variation of the concentration of tropospheric NO2 vertical column density have peaks and troughs, the difference between its peak in the large and small towns, Urumqi(7.590×1015molec·cm-2)>Korla(7.559×1015molec·cm-2)>Bole(3.578×1015molec·cm-2); (2)During summer the tropospheric NO2 vertical column density has relationship with urban surface condition. Especially it has close relationship with the number of cars in the observational area, town(4.643×1015molec·cm-2)>industrial districts (4.469×1015molec·cm-2)>farmland area(2.425×1015molec·cm-2); (3)Under different weather conditions the tropospheric NO2 vertical column density : the minimum density appeared on a rainy day(3.082×1015molec·cm-2), it turned out the precipitation has an important influence on NO2.