Based on the hypothesis analysis of the land use function evolution of the basin in Guizhou province, this paper quantitatively explores the characteristics and rules of the spatial-temporal evolution of the land use production function under the background of rural transformation and development. The Lianjiang basin, located in Huishui County, Guizhou province, is chosen as the study area. The data comes from high resolution image interpretation and field surveys during 6 periods from 1966 and 2016. The results show that: (1) The spatial pattern of production function of the basin in karst mountainous areas can be effectively identified by the quantitative diagnostic model of the basin's production function; the model of dynamic evolution monitoring can reflect the dynamic spatiotemporal evolution of the basin's production function. This process is dominated by the "Single-Path" at the beginning and then turns to "Multi-Path". (2) During the study period, the reconstruction of the functional space of the basin in Guizhou has indeed occurred, and the overall functional structure of the basin has been transformed from the traditional agricultural production function to the layout of modern agricultural production functions. The microscopic spatial layout in the former is centered on the location of the town in the basin, and then it is reduced like a strip around the same center. The latter expanded in strips along the north-south road of the basin. (3) The traditional agricultural production function presents a changing trend featured by "Slight increase-Smooth reduction-Quick reduction", while the non-traditional agricultural function reflucts the change characteristics of "Stable fluctuations-Small increase-Rapid increase". The diversity of non-traditional agricultural production functions continues to increase, and the turning point of the production function transformation in the basin is 2010. (4) At the same time, this paper qualitatively discusses the driving force system and action process of the spatio-temporal evolution stage in the land use function of the basin. The results have enriched the microscopic cases of land function transformation in typical geomorphic regions (basin), the research methods make up for the deficiencies of the "macro-analysis" and "low space-time identity" of the method of transect research. It is of practical significance to optimize the allocation of local land resources and implement micro-land management and rectification according to local conditions.