In order to meet the requirements of performance indexes of φ-OTDR in complex engineering field environment, a high-performance φ-OTDR based on adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is proposed. On the basis of improving frequency response bandwidth of FDM, AKF is used to estimate and correct the statistical characteristics of phase noise linearly responding to external vibration in real time, effectively suppressing the phase distortion caused by fading and crosstalk noise. The experimental results show that sensor linearity of the system is improved, the background noise of the system is reduced to -83.7 dB2/Hz, and the strain resolution is reduced to 0.28 pε/Hz1/2.