The present paper mainly reports a new method to synthesize long afterglow photoluminescent material BaAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+. Al(NO3)3·9H2O,Ba(NO3)2,urea,RE(NO3)3 (RE=Eu,Dy) were employed as raw materials,the admixture of H2O/n-butanol and H2O/n-butanol/SBS were used as medium,then BaAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor was achieved by calcining the precursor,which was synthesized by hydrothermal method,at 1 300 ℃ under reduction atmosphere. The TEM and SEM were used to analyse the morphology and BaAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ synthesized by annealing at 1 300 ℃ are all nanorods. The excitation and emission spectra of the phosphor indicated that all of them are broad band,and the main emission peak is around 498 nm,which is due to 5d→4f transition of Eu2+. The state-solid synthesis of the long afterglow phosphor BaAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ generally requires a high calcination temperature,so the products are easily agglomerated,and in this paper the hydrothermal solvothermal synthesis was used,so the synthesized products calcined at 1 300 ℃ still present well-dispersed rod structure,need not milling,and display well luminescence performance. The authors compared the two different conditions of experiment,and found that under the condition without surfactant the authors can still get well-dispersed rod structure of BaAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+. The method is hopeful to be used in synthesizing other alkali-earth aluminate and silicate and other luminescent materials.