The applications of remote sensing depend more and more on the particular futures in the spectrum of ground objects. To obtain the spectral characteristics of arid area, the spectrum of delta oasis of Wigan and Kuqa rivers located in the North of Tarim Basin were collected and studied. The spectral data of typical geo-targets such as saline-alkaline ground, silver sand ground, cotton ground, Tamarix, Alhagi, sparsifolia, Phragmites australis, Halostachys, caspica etc. as well as water body were acquired by the ASD Fieldspec HH spectrometer. These data were then analyzed. The method of moving average, which may depress partially the high-frequency components of the spectrum, was used to eliminate the noise in the spectrum. The spectrum technology of the derivative was implemented to remove the environmental noise and distinguish overlapped spectrum. Finally after continuum removal, spectral curves with highlighted absorption and reflection features were obtained. With these data, the spectral library of primary geo-surface features for the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers has been built up with the aid of ENVI software. It can provide services for the vegetation surveys, vegetation classification, and environmental monitoring in this area.