Author Affiliations
Department of Occupational Radiological Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. The energy distribution and flux share of the main particle types in galactic cosmic rays of solar minimum(a) Protons, (b) Helium ions, (c) Carbon ions, (d) Iron ions
Fig. 2. Energy spectra comparison of proton in galactic cosmic rays of solar minimum and maximum(a) Solar minimum, (b) Solar maximum
Fig. 3. The variation of the linear energy transfer (LET) of six types of radiation particles with increasing energy
Fig. 4. The yield of SSBs induced by monoenergetic radiation particles at different energies(a) Protons, (b) Helium ions, (c) Carbon ions, (d) Oxygen ions, (e) Silicon ions, (f) Iron ions
Fig. 5. The yield of DSBs induced by monoenergetic radiation particles at different energies
Fig. 6. RBEDSB of six 1 000 MeV high-energy radiation particles under 21% and 2% oxygen concentrations
Fig. 7. Differential energy spectrum of typical solar proton event
团簇类型Cluster type | 判定方法Assessment method |
---|
碱基损伤(BD) | 一个或多个碱基损伤(没有链断裂)One or more Bd (no Sb) | 单链断裂(SSB) | 链断裂(无附加损伤)Sb (no auxilary damage) | SSB+ | 同一条链上断裂两个位点 Two Sb on the same strand | 2SSB | 相对链上超过两个断裂位点(距离至少10个碱基对)Two or more Sb on opposite strands separated by at least 10 base pair (bp) | 双链断裂(DSB) | 相对链上两个断裂位点(距离不超过10个碱基对)Two Sb on opposite strands with a separation ≤ 10 bp | DSB+ | 双链断裂再加距离小于10个碱基对的一个或多个额外的链断裂位点DSB accompanied by one (or more) additional Sb within 10 bp separation | DSB++ | 在10个碱基对间隔内或是更远的距离内,不止一个双链断裂More than one DSB whether within the 10 bp separation or further apart |
|
Table 1. Evaluation methods for different types of DNA damage in MCDS
离子类型Particle types | DSBs / cell-1·Gy-1 | SSBs / cell-1·Gy-1 | OTHER / cell-1·Gy-1 | TOTAL / cell-1·Gy-1 |
---|
质子Protons | 21% | 4.87×101 | 1.12×103 | 2.55×103 | 3.72×103 | 2% | 4.10×101 | 1.04×103 | 2.42×103 | 3.50×103 | 差异Difference / % | -14.23 | -7.14 | -5.10 | -5.91 | 氦离子Helium ions | 21% | 5.00×101 | 1.12×103 | 2.52×103 | 3.69×103 | 2% | 4.21×101 | 1.04×103 | 2.39×103 | 3.47×103 | 差异Difference / % | -15.8 | -7.14 | -5.16 | -5.96 | 碳离子Carbon ions | 21% | 7.48×101 | 1.02×103 | 1.95×103 | 3.05×103 | 2% | 6.37×101 | 9.59×102 | 1.90×103 | 2.92×103 | 差异Difference / % | -14.84 | -5.98 | -2.56 | -4.26 | 氧离子Oxygen ions | 21% | 9.77×101 | 9.21×102 | 1.48×103 | 2.50×103 | 2% | 8.59×101 | 8.82×102 | 1.48×103 | 2.45×103 | 差异Difference / % | -12.08 | -4.23 | 0.00 | -2.00 | 硅离子Silicon ions | 21% | 1.51×102 | 6.06×102 | 5.85×102 | 1.34×103 | 2% | 1.49×102 | 6.06×102 | 5.92×102 | 1.35×103 | 差异Difference / % | -1.32 | 0.00 | +1.20 | +0.75 | 铁离子Iron ions | 21% | 1.68×102 | 3.97×102 | 2.73×102 | 8.38×102 | 2% | 1.68×102 | 3.97×102 | 2.73×102 | 8.38×102 | 差异Difference / % | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
|
Table 2. The yield of DNA damage induced by 1 000 MeV high-energy particles at an oxygen concentration of 2% and the difference between the results obtained at an oxygen concentration of 21%
氧浓度 Oxygen concentration / % | DSBs数目Number of DSBs/ cell-1·Gy-1 |
---|
0.01 | 17.50 | 0.1 | 20.90 | 1 | 36.02 | 2 | 41.20 | 5 | 45.85 | 10 | 47.78 | 21 | 48.94 | 50 | 49.60 |
|
Table 3. Number of DSBs induced by 137Cs particles under different oxygen concentrations
| 粒子类型 Particle types | 氧浓度 Oxygen concentration / % | SSBs数目 Number of SSBs / cell-1·Gy-1 | DSBs数目 Number of DSBs / cell-1·Gy-1 | RBEDSB |
---|
太阳极小时Solar minimum | 质子Protons | 21 | 1.12×103 | 4.91×101 | 1.00 | 2 | 1.04×103 | 4.13×101 | 1.00 | 氦离子Helium ions | 21 | 1.11×103 | 5.14×101 | 1.05 | 2 | 1.03×103 | 4.33×101 | 1.05 | 碳离子Carbon ions | 21 | 1.04×103 | 6.87×101 | 1.40 | 2 | 9.77×102 | 5.88×101 | 1.43 | 铁离子Iron ions | 21 | 6.36×102 | 1.44×102 | 2.94 | 2 | 6.32×102 | 1.40×102 | 3.40 | 太阳极大时Solar maximum | 质子Protons | 21 | λ1=1.01 | λ2=0.96 | λ3=0.96 | 2 | λ1=1.01 | λ2=0.96 | λ3=0.96 |
|
Table 4. The yield of SSBs and DSBs, RBEDSB induced by the major radiation particles in galactic cosmic rays during solar minimum and maximum
氧浓度Oxygen concentration / % | DSBs / cell-1·Gy-1 | SSBs / cell-1·Gy-1 | OTHER / cell-1·Gy-1 | TOTAL / cell-1·Gy-1 | RBEDSB |
---|
21% | 85.41 | 9.66×102 | 1.77×103 | 2.82×103 | 1.75 | 2% | 75.96 | 9.16×102 | 1.72×103 | 2.72×103 | 1.84 |
|
Table 5. The yield of DNA damage and RBEDSB induced by typical solar proton event