Piezoceramic actuators are widely used in precision positioning and control; however, their asymmetric hysteretic characteristics severely affect the position and control accuracy of a system. To address this problem, a modeling method was proposed based on the generalized Bouc-Wen model, and the system parameters of the model were identified using the differential evolution method. Based on the generalized Bouc-Wen model, a hysteretic compensation control strategy with an analytical form was developed and an internal model control scheme to control the piezoceramic actuators was proposed. An experimental platform was developed to verify the effectiveness of the modeling and control strategy. The results of modeling a piezoceramic actuator reveal that all modeling errors are within 0.051 0. Compared with the conventional Bouc-Wen model, our proposed control model can reduce the modeling errors by approximately 21%-46%. Experimental results from the tracking of amplitudes of 20 μm and frequency signals within 100 Hz indicate that the proposed control method offers effective real-time tracking performance and control accuracy. For 100 Hz, the root mean square error and relative error between the reference and output of the piezoceramic actuators were 0.491 6 μm and 0.040 2 μm, respectively, indicating that the proposed control model can satisfy the requirements of practical applications.