Fig. 1. Type evolution of national-level industrial parks at home and abroad (China) Note: The circle position on the timeline represents its earliest year of establishment; the circle size refers to the total number of parks of this type. The colors of blue and red mean “domestic” and “overseas” respectively.

Fig. 2. Temporal evolution of national-level COCZs along the B&R and domestic industrial parks of ChinaSource: Directory of Audit Bulletins of Chinese Development Zones (2018 Edition) (http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/ gzdt/201803/t20180302_878800.html); the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (http://fec.mofcom. gov.cn/article/jwjmhzq/article01. shtml)

Fig. 3. The overseas national-level COCZs and their connections with domestic cities in China Note: CHBETCZ (China-Hungary Boside Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone), HSETLCZ (Hungary Sino-European Trade and Logistics Cooperation Zone), CESETCZ (China-Egypt Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone), EEIZ (Ethiopian Eastern Industry Zone), CNETCZ (China-Nigeria Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone), ZCETCZ (Zambia-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone), CUPSIA (China-Uzbekistan Peng Sheng Industrial Area), KASAICZ (Kyrgyzstan Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone), PHREZ (Pakistan Haier-Ruba Economic Zone), SRTFETZ (Sino-Russia Tomsk Forestry Economic and Trade Zone), RLFETCZ (Russia Longyue Forestry Economic & Trade Cooporation Zone), SRMAICZ (Sino-Russian Modern Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone), CRUETCZ (China-Russia Ussuriysk Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone), VSDZ (Vientiane Saysettha Development Zone), TCRIZ (Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone), CSSEZ (Cambodia Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone), VLJIP (Vietnam Long Jiang Industrial Park), CIIIPQP (China-Indonesia Integrated Industrial Park Qingshan Park), CIJAICZ (China-Indonesia Julong Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone), SIETCZ (Sino-Indonesia Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone)

Fig. 4. Percentage distribution of leading industries of national-level development zones and COCZsSource: Directory of Audit Bulletins of Chinese Development Zones (2018 Edition) (http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/ gzdt/201803/t20180302_878800.html)