In order to meet the needs of ultra-high speed and ultra-long distance transmission in terrestrial long-distance trunk, researchers have developed G.654E optical fiber with ultra low loss and large effective area and small bending loss. Based on the requirements of the long-distance trunk system for optical fiber performance, the design and performance of refractive index distribution structure of G.654E fiber are discussed. The transmission experiment examples of 1234.2 km and 600 Gb/s on G.654E fiber are mainly introduced.