Observation of the total columns of H₂O, CO₂, CH₄, and CO in Hefei is presented based on ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (EM27/SUN). The results show that, the XH₂O and XCO₂ vary greatly during the measurement period while the XCH₄ and XCO vary slightly. The range of H₂O and CO₂ are 1 353.17~5 289.43 ppm and 409.22~415.05 ppm, at the same time, the standard deviation of XCH₄ and XCO are in the order of 10^-2. The average values of XH₂O, XCO₂, XCH₄ and XCO are 2 109.10 ppm, 411.59 ppm, 1.87 ppm and 0.13 ppm respectively. The measured XCO₂ and XCH₄ are compared with the WACCM model and GOSAT satellite data, respectively. The comparison results show that the XCO₂ and XCH₄ calculated by WACCM model are relatively stable, with only slight changes near the average value. The GOSAT observations are slightly lower than those of EM27/SUN observations, with the relative deviations of XCO₂ and XCH₄ are 0.45% and 0.34%, respectively. The time series of the total column of XCO₂ and XCH₄ from 2010 to 2018 are analyzed by the GOSAT satellite data. It is found that the value of XCO₂ increases from 390.83 ppm to 410.30 ppm, with a relative growth rate of 4.9%; the value of XCH₄ increases from 1.802 ppm to 1.869 ppm, with a relative growth rate of 3.7%. The results may provide the theoretical basis for tracking the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in Hefei and its surrounding areas.