The effects of ⁶⁰Co γ-ray irradition (absorbed dose: 0 kGy, 5 kGy, 15 kGy, 20 kGy, 30 kGy, and 50 kGy) on the pH, solubility, free amino acid content, and structural characteristics of Procambarus clarkiibyproducts were studied. The results showed that irradiation reduced the pH value of the byproducts of the Procambarus clarkii, namely, the pH value decreased from 7.93 to 7.22. With increasing absorbed dose and water content, the solubility of the byproducts of Procambarus clarkiiincreased, with the highest solubility reaching 35.71% and the lowest being 16.23% in each treated sample. Irradiation could increase the content of free amino acids in the byproducts of Procambarus clarkii, and when the absorbed dose was 50 kGy, the content of free amino acids reached 34.66%. Through UV and infrared scanning revealed that the absorption characteristic absorption peaks of the byproducts did not show significant changes before and after irradiation, but the absorption intensity changed.