Fig. 1. Geometric model for the computation of large-space γ radiation field (color online)
Fig. 2. Calculated γ fluence and error in the circular and rectangular grid cells with respect to distance
Fig. 3. Error distribution of γ flux obtained using different variance reduction methods
Fig. 4. Lower limit of the weight window wth in the near-ground cell computed using different GVR methods with volume modification (color online)
Fig. 5. Simulated particle number Nps in the near-ground cells simulated using GVR-P method (color online)
Fig. 6. Error distribution of γ flux computed using three GVR methods
Fig. 7. γ flux distribution computed using three GVR-W methods
Fig. 8. Distribution of wth computed using GVR-W methods
Fig. 9. wth in the near-ground cell computed using GVR methods based on information of different particles (color online)
Fig. 10. wth in the near-ground cell computed using GVR methods with different SI values (color online)
减方差方法Variance reduction | FOMG | Rave / % | Rmax / % | σ |
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直接模拟None | 4.6×10-3 | 20 | 1 | 9.3×10-2 | 局域减方差LVR | 0.07 | 3.7 | 93 | 6.7×10-3 | 无体积修正的全局减方差GVR-F without fvol | 1.3×10-3 | 36 | 92 | 6.4×10-2 | 体积修正的全局减方差GVR-F with fvol | 0.18 | 4.5 | 14 | 9.5×10-4 |
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Table 1. Main parameters simulated using different variance reduction methods
减方差方法Variance reduction | FOMG | Rave / % | Rmax / % | σ |
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GVR-F | 0.18 | 4.5 | 14 | 9.5×10-4 | GVR-F with wth,none=0 | 0.17 | 4.5 | 36 | 1.1×10-3 | 非计数区修正的GVR-F GVR-F with non-count area modification | 0.25 | 4.1 | 11 | 6.9×10-4 | GVR-R | 0.84 | 1.9 | 7.3 | 3.8×10-4 | GVR-R with wth,none=0 | 0.21 | 2.4 | 51 | 2.2×10-3 | 非计数区修正的GVR-R GVR-R with non-count area modification | 1.03 | 1.7 | 7.1 | 3.1×10-4 |
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Table 2. Main parameters computed using volume modification and different non-count area modifications
GVR | FOMG | Rave / % | Rmax / % | σ | 加速比Speed ratio |
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None | 4.6×10-3 | 20 | 1 | 9.3×10-2 | — | GVR-R | 0.87 | 1.8 | 8.5 | 3.8×10-4 | 190 | GVR-W | 10.49 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.6×10-5 | 2 304 | GVR-T | 2.23 | 1.3 | 4.1 | 8.1×10-5 | 490 | GVR-P | 2.55 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 7.2×10-5 | 561 | GVR-E | 2.61 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 7.2×10-5 | 574 | GVR-C | 3.44 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 5.1×10-5 | 756 | GVR-F | 2.58 | 1.2 | 4.2 | 7.3×10-5 | 566 |
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Table 3. Main parameters simulated using seven GVR methods (3rd iteration)
SI | FOMG | Rave / % | Rmax / % | σ | 加速比 Speed ratio |
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0.4 | 0.12 | 4.3 | 26.0 | 3.1×10-3 | 27 | 0.5 | 0.87 | 1.8 | 8.5 | 3.8×10-4 | 190 | 0.6 | 4.02 | 0.9 | 3.6 | 7.0×10-5 | 883 | 0.7 | 11.40 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 2.0×10-5 | 2 503 | 0.8 | 14.78 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 1.4×10-5 | 3 246 | 0.9 | 8.99 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 2.1×10-5 | 1 974 | 1.0 | 2.56 | 1.2 | 4.2 | 7.3×10-5 | 562 |
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Table 4. Main parameters computed using GVR methods with different SI values (3rd iteration)