To improve the edge-preserving ability of image filtering, a guided image filtering algorithm based on robust adaptive weighting is proposed.Firstly, Gaussian filter is performed on the guided image and first-order differential method is used to judge the position of the edge, which can remove the noise as well as improve the robustness of the edge information extraction.Then, Otsu is used to segment the edge regions from the non-edge regions, the self-adaptability of threshold selection is improved.Finally, the improved piecewise function model is used to fit the ideal weight factor and control the degree of smoothness of different regions, which can realize the robust adaptive guided filtering and achieve the smoothness of the edge.The experiments of edge-preserving smoothing and matting are carried out.Compared with guided image filtering algorithm and the other two improved algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better robustness and edge-preserving smoothness.