The site choice and pier foundation of existing ground based large aperture telescopes were analyzed and how to construct a pier for a 2 m aperture telescope was explored. Firstly, the relationship between the astronomical seeing and the pier height of a telescope was discussed and the pier height was determined to be 13 m by measuring the astronomical seeing of the seat of the telescope. Then, according to the requirements of pier construction of the 2 m aperture telescope, a simulation model was established, and the simulation analysis was performed by Ansys. A pier and ground base design scheme with a resonant frequency more than 30 Hz under the load condition of 30 t was proposed to resist a 5 level earthquake and certain wind load. Finally, the spectral analysis and random vibration method were used to research the responses of the pier designed to the earthquake and certain wind loads. The results show that the scheme proposed meets the demands of 2 m aperture telescope for pier foundation and it would provide a reference for construction of a Φ4 m aperture telescope.