Primary mirror surface-shape error bringing flaw to optical system accuracy, which is caused by the pitching of large diameter photoelectric theodolite, is classified to center position error, off-center error and gravity deformation error. Previous design methods mostly are based on passive compensation, that is, design rational support and prevent deformation measures to assure the primary mirror surface-shape error within the design specifications. In this paper, piezoelectric ceramic active compensation technology is used to revise primary mirror surface-shape error with the method of real time correction on the surface-shape error induced by the pitching for large diameter photoelectric theodolite. Simulation software is utilized to fit the PV and RMS before and after compensation. The max PV value and max RMS decrease to 66.9 nm and 12.9 nm, respectively. Piezoelectric ceramic active compensation technology could bring benefit to image definition quality and the visual axis stability, making contribution to primary mirror surface-shape error on assembly and dynamic detection.