A laser ranging system based on high-speed pulse modulation and echo sampling technology is developed. Using the high-sensitivity multi-pixel photon counter with the characteristic of multi-echo photon signal accumulative output, the photoelectric signal conversion is realized. By means of the high-speed signal acquisition, the full waveforms of the echo signals are obtained. In addition, the precise arriving time of the echo signal is achieved through the accumulation of the echo signal waveforms. Finally, the high-accuracy laser ranging is realized. The results of the theoretical analysis and the experiments show that the designed laser ranging system can realize long range target detection as well as short range laser ranging with high precision. Meanwhile, the dynamic range is up to 10 7 and the ranging accuracy reaches 0.6 mm.