Aiming at the problem of target contour deformation in the effect evaluation of optical camouflage， this paper proposes a binary statistical moment algorithm based on contour deformation degree. Firstly， the original background image of a camouflage target is binarized， followed that the background image is evenly segmented， and then the contour features of the target are extracted， so that a binary statistical matrix of the contour feature vector is constructed. Finally， both the Euclidean distance and Cosine normalization are adopted to calculate the binary statistical moment， so as to obtain the contour deformation degree of the target. The experimental results show that， the proposed algorithm can effectively extract the contour features of the target； the contour deformation index reaches 0.905±0.004 and 0.77±0.80； compared with the traditional Hu moment algorithm， the principal component factor is increased by 27% and 7% respectively， and the algorithm efficiency is improved by 69.8%. The optical camouflage effect can be effectively evaluated from the perspective of the target contour.