It had been proved that the process of urbanization had an effect on extreme weather events under the global warming. This study analyzed the urbanization effects on extreme climate events for the period 1980-2014 by classifying 20 meteorological stations into urban, suburban, and rural categories, based on the daily precipitation, temperature data and raster data of socio-economic, population, land cover and the night-time light images combined with cluster analysis and analytic hierarchy methods. The results show that the number of extreme cold events in Beijing showed decreasing trends, while that of the extreme warm events exhibited increasing trends, and the extreme precipitation events showed no obvious change trend. Compared with rural sites, urbanization has a significant impact on extreme temperature events. In urban areas, the number of extreme cold events was reduced faster; that of extreme warm events increased faster; and the daily-temperature-range significantly became smaller than that in urban areas. Compared with the decreasing trends of annual precipitation and annual rainfall days at rural sites, urbanization increased total precipitation amount. Besides, the urbanization in Beijing slowed down the growth trend of consecutive dry days, and at the same time, it intensified the extreme heavy precipitation events. However, the impact of urbanization on extreme precipitation events is not significant.