Ultraviolet (UV) communication technology realizes signal transmission based on light scattering, which has strong anti-interference, good security performance, omnidirectional transceiver, obstacle crossing and other technical advantages. During radio silence, local secure communication or complex electromagnetic environment, UV communication can be used as a special local military secure communication means, or as a supplement to other communication means under certain conditions. It has special use value and practical significance for future war and modern national defense. In recent years, with the development of UV communication technology, Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) target location technology based on UV scattering transmission has become a hot research topic. At present, the method of network multi-point coordinate mutual calculation is often used to determine the target distance and azimuth information. This paper starts from the requirement for fast and flexible completing hardware deployment in complex combat environment. When using optical signal transmission, its polarization characteristics contain the angle information carried by unique vibration direction, and can keep this characteristic in the long distance straight line propagation. A polarization UV light NLOS target location technology is proposed,which can realize the localization of two NLOS targets. And aiming at the application requirements of target localization in specific environments, the performance of non-line-of-sight target positioning system based on single scattering of polarized ultraviolet light is studied.Firstly, the relationship between the system received light intensity and azimuth angle and positioning distance is derived by the method of matrix optics. Secondly, the effects of system outage probability and transmitter and receiver elevation angle on outage probability in different atmospheric turbulence are analyzed by establishing atmospheric turbulence model based on polarized UV light. Thus, the influence of the geometric parameters of the receiver and transmitter device on the ranging and positioning and the reference range of the system in different environments are obtained. The research results show that the increase of positioning distance, turbulence intensity and transmitter and receiver elevation angle will lead to the decline of system performance. If the outage probability of the system is required to be less than 10^-2, the positioning range of the positioning system in weak turbulence and strong turbulence environment should be within 1 200 m and 600 m, respectively. In addition, the change of the transmitter and receiver elevation angle has a certain influence on the outage performance of the system. If the positioning distance is 800 m and the turbulence intensity is C_n²=1×10^-16 m^-2/3, in order to make the system performance acceptable, the variation range of the receiver elevation angle is 0° to 20° when the transmitter elevation angle is 30°, and the variation range of the transmitter elevation angle is 0° to 25° when the receiver elevation angle is 30°. And with the increase of the transmitter and receiver elevation angle, the outage probability increases and the system stability decline. Therefore, the smaller the transmitter and receiver elevation angle, the better the system performance. In order to achieve the purpose of NLOS positioning, the transmitter and receiver elevation angle of the system can be set to 25°.This paper mainly studies the NLOS positioning method based on polarized UV light, and the effects of geometric parameters of the system and different environments on the positioning performance of the system, and the relevant conclusions and the reference application range of the system in different environments are obtained. The research contents and results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the engineering implementation of polarized UV NLOS target location system, which also provides relevant theoretical basis for the new direction and practical application of UV communication technology, and has certain guiding significance.