• Acta Physica Sinica
  • Vol. 68, Issue 10, 106401-1 (2019)
Bang-Kun Bei1, Hua-Guang Wang1、2, and Ze-Xin Zhang1、2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Centre for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
  • 2College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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    DOI: 10.7498/aps.68.20190304 Cite this Article
    Bang-Kun Bei, Hua-Guang Wang, Ze-Xin Zhang. Two-dimensional crystallization in finite-sized colloidal systems[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(10): 106401-1 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    The nature of crystallization is considered to be one of the most fundamental research problems in condensed matter physics. With single particle resolution offered by video microscopy, colloidal suspensions provide a novel model system for studying crystallization, melting and other phase transitions, where the structures and dynamics of the particles during the transitions can be quantitatively probed. Traditional systems for studying the crystallization typically focus on the infinitely large systems in order to obtain the equilibrium state. However, studies of the crystallization in finite-sized systems such as crystallization in thin films and porous media, are rare despite the fact that they are the common phenomena in natural world. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the crystallization in a finite-sized colloidal system with attractive interactions. The colloidal suspension is composed of polystyrene microspheres dispersed in a mixture of water and 2, 6-lutidine, in which the interaction between the particles can be tuned by adjusting the temperature. We increase the temperature to 34 °C to induce attractions between the particles and thus producing a cluster, and then reduce the temperature to 33 °C to tune off the attractions. Thus we obtain a finite-sized liquid cluster of the colloidal particles. Crystallization is triggered by increasing the temperature to 34 °C. The crystallization process is recorded by video microscopy and the video data are analyzed by a standard particle tracking algorithm. Through the analysis of radial distribution function, Voronoi diagram, and local order parameter, we find that the crystallization of the finite colloidal system starts from the central dense region of the liquid cluster. This leads to a crystalline phase in the center and a liquid phase on the edge of the cluster. As time elapses, the central crystalline region grows while outer liquid region shrinks. The crystallization process exhibits a two-step scenario: a fast crystallization initially and a slow crystallization at the later stage. At the initial stage, the center of the system forms a dense metastable liquid phase, which lowers the free-energy barrier of crystallization and results in a fast crystallization. As the crystalline region grows, the metastable phase disappears, and thus the crystallization rate decreases. Moreover, a bimodal distribution of the orientational order parameter is observed during the crystallization in our finite-sized colloidal system, which is consistent with that in a large system. This indicates that the bimodal distribution is a common feature of the two-dimensional crystallization.
    Bang-Kun Bei, Hua-Guang Wang, Ze-Xin Zhang. Two-dimensional crystallization in finite-sized colloidal systems[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(10): 106401-1
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