Fig. 1. Engineering 3D design drawing of combiner
Fig. 2. Spot center coordinates of 18 laser beams on the incident surface of the M1 lens
Fig. 3. Simulated temperature distribution on incident surface,exit surface and central section of the lens M1 to M5 at the 10 kW laser beam combining time of 1 000 s
Fig. 4. Maximum temperature change law in the lens M1 to M5 varying within 1 000 s of the 10 kW combined laser irradiation
Fig. 5. Simulated thermal deformation distribution on incident surface,exit surface and central section of the lens M1 to M5 at the 10 kW laser beam combining time of 1 000 s
Fig. 6. Maximum thermal deformation law in the lens M1 to M5 varying within 1 000 s of the 10 kW combined laser irradiation
Fig. 7. Simulated thermal stress distribution on incident surface,exit surface and central section of the lens M1 to M5 at the 10 kW laser beam combining time of 1 000 s
Fig. 8. Maximum thermal stress law in the lens M1 to M5 varying within 1 000 s of the 10 kW combined laser irradiation
Fig. 9. Physical photo of the combiner
Fig. 10. Center temperature test photos on the exit surface of the lens M5 during 10 kW laser beam combining period of 1 000 s using a thermal imager
Fig. 11. Measurement curve and simulation curve of the center temperature on the exit surface of lens M5 during the 10 kW laser beam combining period of 1 000 s
Lens | Surface | Radius | Center thickness | Diameter | Radio of center thickness to diameter |
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m1 | In:sphere | -72.10 | 2.00 | 7.0 | 0.286 | Out:sphere | +5.30 | m2 | In:sphere | +20.00 | 1.50 | 12.0 | 0.125 | Out:sphere | -11.8 | m3 | In:sphere | +30.00 | 3.60 | 12.0 | 0.300 | Out:sphere | +15.40 | M1 | In:sphere | +115.35 | 26.00 | 130.00 | 0.200 | Out:plane | ∞ | M2 | In:sphere | +114.02 | 14.00 | 110.00 | 0.127 | Out:sphere | +153.11 | M3 | In:sphere | -138.23 | 10.00 | 100.00 | 0.100 | Out:sphere | +78.40 | M4 | In:cylinder | x:∞;y:+119.48 | 11.00 | 90.00 | 0.122 | Out:plane | ∞ | M5 | In:plane | ∞ | 3.00 | 90.00 | 0.033 | Out:plane | ∞ |
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Table 1. Parameters of lenses in space incoherent beam combiner
Mj | Lj × Wj | ωj | aj | bj | hj |
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M1 | 70.35 × 32.05 | X:4.05 Y:4.05 | 20.78 | 11.98 | 11.98 | M2 | 42.95× 19.05 | X:2.05 Y:2.05 | 12.95 | 7.48 | 7.48 | M3 | 37.79× 15.95 | X:1.15 Y:1.15 | 11.83 | 6.83 | 6.83 | M4 | 31.09 × 13.01 | X:0.85 Y:0.85 | 9.80 | 5.66 | 5.66 | M5 | 30.21 × 12.52 | X:0.85 Y:0.73 | 9.58 | 5.53 | 5.53 |
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Table 2. Transmission parameters of the laser beams through the optical lenses in space combining
Parameter | Value |
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Density/(kg·m-3) | 2 201 | Heat capacity/(J·K-1·kg-1) | 35.936+3.366 8T-0.0041T2+2.580 3(10-6)T3-8.086 7(10-10)T4+9.904 8(10-14)T5 | Heat conductivity/(W·m-1·K-1) | 0.978 6+1.12(10-3)T | Heat transfer coefficient/(W·m-2 K-1) | 10 | Heat radiation coefficient | 0.8 | Heat expansion/K-1 | 5×10-7 | Poisson ratio | 0.16 | Young´s modulus/GPa | 6.90(1010)+1.1(107)T+11 447 T2-25.91T3+0.015 45T4-3.022 2(10-6)T5 | Shear modulus/GPa | 31.3 |
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Table 3. Thermo-physical properties of fused silica glass
Lens | ΔTmax/K | Ψmax/μm | Φmax/MPa | G |
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m1 | 3.46 | 0.17 | 11.28 | 0.01 | m2 | 6.26 | 0.13 | 3.50 | 0.01 | m3 | 6.98 | 0.11 | 7.88 | 0.01 | M1 | 82.96 | 4.53 | 12.68 | 0.11 | M2 | 98.89 | 3.66 | 7.17 | 0.05 | M3 | 98.82 | 0.73 | 4.71 | 0.03 | M4 | 111.91 | 1.82 | 8.25 | 0.06 | M5 | 87.96 | 0.29 | 3.29 | 0.01 |
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Table 4. Thermo-mechanical properties of optical lenses in combiner