To analyze the transmission behavior of underwater wireless optical communication technology in ocean turbulence, a comprehensive summary of underwater wireless optical communication technology is conducted based on the non-line-of-sight （NLOS） transmission model, underwater channel model, and related experiments. The transmission characteristics of blue and green light in three different NLOS transmission models are analyzed. Combining the previous experimental results, the mechanism by which light absorption, scattering, and turbulence effects affect the underwater refractive index structure constant and probability distribution is elucidated. At the same time, the underwater optical communication experiment is summarized, and the underwater optical communication performance at different transmission rates and distances is verified by the optical system developed. The future development direction of underwater wireless optical communication is also prospected.