PM2.5 concentration distribution measurement in space at different heights is difficult, this paper uses lidar and atmospheric transmission meter and particle spectrometer for joint detection, through three kinds of instrument data with the vertical distribution of PM2.5 concentration inversion. The function relationship between mass concentration of ground PM2.5 and atmospheric transmissivity is established by data of atmospheric transmittance and particle size spectrometer. Based on the ground atmospheric transmittance measured by the atmospheric transmission meter, the boundary value of the lidar atmospheric transmittance at high altitude is determined through an iterative algorithm, and the vertical distribution of the atmospheric transmittance is retrieved in combination with Fernald integral method. The vertical distribution of PM2.5 mass concentration is obtained by the atmospheric transmittance height profile detected by lidar. The results showed that the accuracy of the vertical distribution of atmospheric transmittance has been improved by the revised atmospheric transmittance. The profile of PM2.5 mass concentration well reflects the microphysical variation of the vertical distribution of aerosols.