• Acta Physica Sinica
  • Vol. 69, Issue 3, 030702-1 (2020)
Fu-Chang Zuo1、*, Zhi-Wu Mei1, Lou-Lou Deng1, Yong-Qiang Shi1, Ying-Bo He1, Lian-Sheng Li1, Hao Zhou1, Jun Xie2, Hai-Li Zhang1, and Yan Sun1
Author Affiliations
  • 1Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
  • 2Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100194, China
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    DOI: 10.7498/aps.69.20191446 Cite this Article
    Fu-Chang Zuo, Zhi-Wu Mei, Lou-Lou Deng, Yong-Qiang Shi, Ying-Bo He, Lian-Sheng Li, Hao Zhou, Jun Xie, Hai-Li Zhang, Yan Sun. Development and in-orbit performance evaluation of multi-layered nested grazing incidence optics[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(3): 030702-1 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    On November 10, 2016, China launched an X-ray pulsar navigation test satellite (XPNAV-1) to investigate the X-ray pulsar navigation technology, and a lot of scientific observation data have been obtained. The X-ray grazing incidence optics is a critical component of the focusing pulsar telescope. It plays an important role in increasing the effective area and enhancing the sensitivity of the telescope. It is also the first grazing incidence optics verified in orbit in China. According to the characteristic that the times of arrival (TOA) of X-ray photons are measured in pulsar navigation, the grazing incidence focusing optics based on single-reflection paraboloid mirror is designed, and manufacturable mirror design parameters are obtained through theoretical calculation and derivation. The theoretical effective area of the designed optics is 15.6 cm2 at 1 keV. The designed optics is then simulated to evaluate its focusing performance. It meets the focusing requirement in the full field of view. The electroforming nickel replication process used for manufacturing the mirrors for XMM-Newton and eRosita missions is investigated. A super-smooth mandrel is firstly fabricated and used for follow-up replication. An about-100 nm-thick gold layer is deposited on the mandrel, and serves as the reflection and release layer of the mirror. The nickel substrate of the mirror is electroformed on the gold layer. The mirror is finally obtained by releasing the nickel and gold layer from the mandrel. The patterns and roughness of the mandrel are then replicated onto the inner surface of the mirror. The 4-layered mirror is fabricated for the optics. The reflectivity for each layer of the 4-layered mirror is then measured with a dedicated facility on 4B7B beamline of BSRF. The effective area of the optics based on the above-measured reflectivity is 13.2 cm2 at 1 keV. Finally, according to the in-orbit observation data, the effective area of the optical system is evaluated to be a typical value of 4.22 cm2 at 1 keV, which is less than the ground-tested value. The reason for this is analyzed and it turns out to be due to the thermal deformation of mechanical structure and contamination of the mirrors. Therefore, in our future work, we will strictly control the environmental factors and implement space environmental adaptability design, while increasing the accuracy of the optics.
    Fu-Chang Zuo, Zhi-Wu Mei, Lou-Lou Deng, Yong-Qiang Shi, Ying-Bo He, Lian-Sheng Li, Hao Zhou, Jun Xie, Hai-Li Zhang, Yan Sun. Development and in-orbit performance evaluation of multi-layered nested grazing incidence optics[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(3): 030702-1
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