According to the requirements to real-time performance and high accuracy of aerial target identification in modern air combat,and considering the evidence conflicts that may occur in evidence combination,we proposed an aerial target identification method based on BP neural network and improved evidence combination rule.The BP neural network was used to acquire Basic Probability Assignment (BPA) of each sensor to target category judgment,which was taken as evidence for making spatial domain fusion and time domain fusion to each group of evidences by using an improved evidence combination rule.Thus the result of target identification could be obtained.Simulation shows that the proposed method can solve the problem of evidence conflict and implement the task of aerial target identification precisely and reliably.